Lake Santa Fe

Rapid Ecological Project Assessment

Alachua County Forever

 

Draft Date:                             March 12, 2003

Matrix Score:                         6.87 of 9.44

Size:                                        6,497 acres

Number of parcels:                78

Number of owners:                31

Number of buildings: 22

Location / Description:

            The 6,497 acre Lake Santa Fe (LAK) Project is located in the northeast quarter of Alachua County, east of Waldo and Orange Heights and north and west of Melrose. The project lies east of US 301, west of Lake Santa Fe, south of the Santa Fe River and north of State Road 26.  It is composed of the undeveloped parcels around Lake Santa Fe, Bonnet Pond and Lake Alto, in addition to the Saluda Swamp and the portions of Lake Alto Swamp that are not owned by the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD).  It provides three connections; 1) between Lake Santa Fe and the Austin Cary Flatwoods and Lochloosa Creek Flatwoods Alachua County Forever Projects, 2) between Lake Santa Fe and Lake Alto, and 3) between Lake Santa Fe, the Santa Fe Swamp and Hickory Pond.  The SRWMD’s Santa Fe Swamp and Lake Alto Swamp conservation areas are adjacent to the LAK Project area, Map 1.

            The LAK Project is a combination of three projects from the Alachua County Ecological Inventory Project (KBN Study), KBN 1996; Lake Alto Swamp, Saluda Swamp and a portion of the South Melrose Flatwoods, Map 2.  The purpose of the KBN Study was to identify, inventory, map, describe, and evaluate the most significant natural biological communities, both upland and wetland, that remain in private ownership in Alachua County and make recommendations for protecting these natural resources, KBN 1996.  The Lake Alto Swamp project was ranked 31st of 47 projects evaluated in the county, and categorized as slightly below average.  The South Melrose Flatwoods project was also ranked 31st , but it was categorized as below average.  The Saluda Swamp project was ranked 36th, and categorized as below average.

The KBN Study summarizes the Lake Alto Swamp by stating that, “This site surrounds Lake Alto like an irregular horse shoe.  It contains some uplands that are mostly mesic flatwoods, and it contains many wetlands which are mostly bog and basin swamp.  It contains the southern part of Lake Alto Swamp (the part not owned by the Suwannee River Water Management District) providing the connection between the Lake and the district owned swamp land.  It also contains the high quality and well managed pine flatwoods within the non-profit Longleaf Ecology and Forestry Society lands (LEAFS Tract)”, KBN 1996.

            The Saluda Swamp is summarized in the KBN Study by the following paragraph, “This is a relatively small area of commercial pine flatwoods forest containing a large swamp, several smaller ones, and a small creek.  It is a headwaters area for a tributary of Hatchet Creek”, KBN, 1996. 

            The South Melrose Flatwoods is described in the KBN Study as, “a relatively small area on the south side of Lake Santa Fe that is mostly pine flatwoods forest with some good quality wetlands, a small lake,  and some shore line on Lake Santa Fe”, KBN 1996.

Protecting Water Resources:

            The LAK project is located in the confined aquifer zone of Alachua County. This zone of relative aquifer confinement stretches from north-central Alachua County southeastward comprising most of the eastern half of the county.  It is a region of higher elevations underlain by at least 10 feet of clays or clayey sands which form an aquiclude to the Floridan Aquifer System, Macesich, 1988.    

            The St. Johns River Water Management District’s (SJRWMD) Aquifer Recharge Map for Alachua County shows that  65% of the site falls within an area of high recharge, with greater than 12 inches of recharge to the Floridan Aquifer per year.  The remaining 35% falls within the 8-12 inches of recharge per year. 

            According to the USGS Water Resources Investigation Report 88-4057 the LAK project falls partly within the 1-10 inches of recharge to the Floridan Aquifer System per year area and partly in the 1 inch of recharge area, Aucott 1988.

            Approximately 46% of the LAK project is wetlands, has hydric soils, or falls within the FEMA 100 or 500 year flood hazard zone.

            Lake Santa Fe and the Santa Fe Swamp were designated an “Outstanding Florida Water”, in Florida Statues, Chapter 62-302.700 Special Protection, Outstanding Florida Waters, Outstanding National Resource Waters.

            The LAK project sits on top of the Hawthorn Formation, which maintains the perched waters in the area.  Water in the Lake Alto Swamp area flows into Lake Alto, and then through Lake Alto Swamp and into the Santa Fe River.  The Saluda Swamp area is a high headwaters area for a tributary of Hatchet Creek that eventually flows into Newnans Lake and then into either Alachua Sink in Paynes Prairie or Orange Lake, KBN, 1996.  The properties immediately adjacent to Lake Santa Fe drain into the Lake, Map 3. 

Protecting Natural Communities and Landscapes:

Natural Communities


Wet Flatwoods

Mesic Flatwoods

Bog

Baygall

Depression Marsh

Basin Swamp

Basin Marsh

Lake Shore Swamp

Dome Swamp

Swamp Lake

Other

Rough Pasture

Row Crops

Low Impact Development

Old Field Pine Plantation


The above list of natural communities is from the KBN Report. The ecological quality of the natural communities ranges from fair to good, KBN 1996. 

The Project site is adjacent to Lake Santa Fe, Bonnet Pond, Lake Alto, Hickory Pond, Lake Alto Swamp, Santa Fe Swamp and includes the LEAFS Properties.  It also provides a connection between Lake Santa Fe and the Austin Cary Flatwoods and Lochloosa Creek Flatwoods Alachua County Forever Projects, between Lake Santa Fe and Lake Alto, and between Lake Santa Fe, the Santa Fe Swamp, and Hickory Pond.   The Longleaf Ecology and Forestry Society (LEAFS) properties are included within the project area because they are held in a non-profit land trust for conservation purposes, but do not have restrictions that run with the land, personal communication John Winn.  The owners may wish to place a conservation easement on the property that runs with the land.

Ninety-four percent of the LAK project site is within the Florida Ecological Greenways Network (FEGN).  Eighty-seven percent lies within the priority 3 project area known as “Ocala NF-Lochloosa-Paynes Prairie-Newnans Lake”, and the remaining seven percent is within an unnamed priority 6 area. The priority 3 FEGN project is the highest priority FEGN project in Alachua County.  One of the most important features of the LAK Project is its location within this FEGN project area.  It is part of an existing corridor of natural and silvicultural properties that form a large connected area for wildlife and natural resource conservation.  Protection of this corridor is of regional importance as one of several possible corridors that connect Ocala National Forest north to Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, and west to the Gulf Coast. 

The Florida Ecological Greenways Network is a decision support model to help identify the best opportunities to protect ecological connectivity statewide.  It was developed by the University of Florida for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.  GIS data on land use and significant ecological areas were integrated in a process that identified a statewide Ecological Greenways Network containing all of the largest areas of ecological and natural resource significance and the landscape linkages necessary to link these areas together in one functional statewide network, Hoctor et al. 2002. 

The LAK project does not fall within a Strategic Habitat Conservation Area. Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas were developed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC).  They are private lands containing habitats critical to the continued survival of populations of inadequately protected plants and animals, Cox et al. 2000.  These lands are essential to providing some of state’s rarest animals, plants, and natural communities with the land base necessary to sustain populations into the future, Cox et al.1994. 

Approximately 68% of the site falls within the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) priority two, four and five Habitat Conservation Priorities.  FNAI’s Habitat Conservation Priorities prioritize places on the landscape that would protect both the greatest number of rare species and those species with the greatest conservation need, Florida Natural Areas Inventory, June 2001.

About 14 % of the project area is delineated as Pine flatwoods, an Under-represented Natural Community.  Under-represented Natural Communities are those natural community types that were inadequately represented on conservation lands in Florida.  A natural community is considered to be inadequately represented on conservation lands if less than 15% of the original extent of that community is currently found on existing conservation lands.  Under-represented natural communities include, seepage slope, upland hardwood forest, pine rockland, tropical hardwood hammock, sandhill, scrub, upland glades, and pine flatwoods. This data was developed by the Office of Environmental Services, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and FNAI, FNAI, December 2001. 

 

Protecting plant and Animal Species:

Common Name                     Endemic/ Large                   Fed/State               FCREPA/FNAI             Observed

                                                Home-Range                         Status                    Designation

Amphibians

Flatwoods Salamander                        -/-                            T/-                           R/S2S3                                   SM

Striped Newt                                         -/-                            -/-                            R/S2S3                                   SM

Reptiles

Alligator Snapping Turtle                   -/-                            -/SSC                      SSC/S3                                   SM

American Alligator                              -/-                            T/SSC                     -/S4                                         SM

Eastern Indigo Snake                          -/-                            T/T                         SSC/S3                                   SM

Gopher Tortoise                                   -/-                            -/SSC                      T/S3                                        F

Peninsula Mole Skink                          -/-                            -/-                            -/-                                            SM

Spotted Turtle                                      -/-                            -/-                            R/S3?                                      SM

Birds

Black Rail                                               -/-                            -/-                            R/S2                                        SM

Cooper’s Hawk                                     -/-                            -/-                            SSC/S3                                   SM

Great Egret                                            -/-                            -/-                            SSC/S4                                   SM

Least Bittern                                         -/-                            -/-                            SSC/S4                                   SM

Little Blue Heron                                  -/-                            -/SSC                      SSC/S4                                   SM

Osprey                                                   -/-                            -/-                            T/S3S4                                   SM

Southern Bald Eagle                            -/L                           T/T                         T/S3                                        F,K

Wild Turkey                                          -/L                                                                                                           F

Wood Stork                                          -/-                            E/E                          E/S2                                        SM

Mammals

Bobcat                                                   -/L                           -/-                            -/-                                            F

Florida Black Bear                                X/L                         -/T                           T/S2                                        F

Northern Yellow Bat                            -/-                            -/-                            SU/-                                        SM

River Otter                                             -/-                            -/-                            -/-                                            SM

Round-tailed Muskrat                         X/-                          -/-                            SSC/S3                                   SM

Sherman’s Fox Squirrel                       -/-                            -/SSC                      T/S3                                        F

X= Endemic, L=species with large home ranges according to the Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat System, S= observed by Alachua Co. EPD staff and/or an LCB subcommittee member, SM= documented on the Species Models maps created by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, F= Focal species used for the most detailed analyses in the Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat Conservation System, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, 1994, N= Florida Natural Areas Inventory Element Occurrence, P= potential for species based on habitat types, K=documented in the Alachua County Ecological Inventory Project.

The Florida Natural Areas Inventory Element Occurrence data shows the narrowleaf naiad occurring on the site, and round-tailed musk rat, timber rattlesnake and Sherman’s fox squirrel as occurring within a half mile of the site. 

Listed plants found on the property include royal fern, and cinnamon fern, hooded pitcher plant, and yellow butterwort, KBN, 1996. 

Some invasive exotic Camphor trees, Chinese tallow trees, mimosa trees, alligator weed, and Japanese climbing fern were noted as occurring on the project site in the KBN Study, KBN 1996.

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission data shows one bald eagle nest on the project site. 

About 36% of the site falls within Regional Biodiversity Hotspots. The purpose of the Regional Biodiversity Hot Spots maps, developed by FFWCC, is to “convey more detailed information on the known locations of as many components of biological diversity as possible, regardless of whether or not they fall within proposed Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas, to help meet the need for conservation information at regional and local levels”, Cox et al. 1994.

Achieving Social and Human Values:

Approximately 26% of the LAK area falls within a Priority one Natural Resource-based Recreation Area, Knight, et al. 2000.  The Natural Resource-based Recreation map was developed by FNAI in collaboration with DEP, FFWCC and DOF.  The recreation potential of a site depends on available road access, presence of a water body or beach, proximity to urban areas, and size of the site.  “These criteria were applied to Potential Natural Areas delineated by FNAI using aerial photography and revised using the 1995 Water Management District land cover data.  Sites were ranked by recreation potential.” Knight, et al. 2000. 

Ninety four percent of the project site falls within the Florida Ecological Greenway Network.

Most of the LAK Project area is within the Emerald Necklace Land Conservation Initiative – “a publicly accessible, connected, and protected network of trails, greenways, open space, and waterfronts surrounding the Gainesville urban area”. 

The LAK project would provide land and water based resource compatible recreational opportunities in the northeast Alachua County area, by improving access to Lake Santa Fe, Lake Alto, Bonnet Pond, Hickory Pond, Lake Alto Swamp, Lake Santa Fe Swamp, Saluda Swamp, and the associated flatwoods. 

The LAK property provides very good opportunities for compatible resource based recreation.

Management:

Resource management issues in the Lake Alto Swamp area are described in the KBN Study by stating that, “The wetland areas area in good condition.  There has been logging around some edges, which has impacted the soil as well as the forest structure, leaving deep ruts.  The ruts increase the amount of open water and diversify the micro-habitats, which is not all bad from a wildlife perspective, particularly since only a small fraction of the wetlands have been impacted.  The trees are growing back and the ruts will gradually heal on their own. 

The pine flatwoods areas on the uplands are mostly in much worse condition.  Some have been bedded and planted to dense stands of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and some have been logged long ago and left unburned and unplanted.  In both cases, prescribed burning is needed if the wildlife habitat values are to be improved.  The great improvement that has occurred in the quality of the wildlife habitats and in the abundance of wildflowers, grasses, and mast producing ground cover plants such as runner oak (Quercus pumilia), blueberry (Vaccunuim spp.), and dwarf huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa) at the LEAFS Tract since prescribed burning began a few years ago is a testament to what prescribed burning can do”, KBN 1996. 

The KBN Study recommends “gently” burning the flatwoods of the Saluda Swamp every few years, and states that this is an area where prescribed burning and smoke management would be feasible, KBN 1996.

The South Melrose Flatwoods area is described by the KBN Study as an area that, “has had no prescribed burning, and the wildlife habitat and native ground cover vegetation values have suffered accordingly.  A program of frequent prescribed burns would be beneficial.  The ideal would be every two years, but any burning would be an improvement”, KBN 1996.

Economic & Acquisition

There are 78 parcels and 31 ownerships in the 6,497 acre Lake Santa Fe Project.  The Alachua County Property Appraiser (ACPA) shows 22 buildings on their parcel data.   The ACPA’s 2002 Just Value or land value for the entire project is $8,684,000 or $1,337/ acre.  The ACPA’s total value (Just, Miscellaneous and Building) for the project area is $9,373,000 or $1,447/ acre.  These figures are for comparative purposes between nominated properties, and are not necessarily an accurate reflection of the true cost of the property if acquired by the Alachua County Forever Program.

There is a great deal of interest in the protection of this area by the Lake Santa Fe Lake Dwellers Association.  They have been working diligently contacting land owners and locating potential partners for the preservation of the area.  Potential partners include Florida Forever, Florida Communities Trust, the Suwannee River Water Management District, and the Alachua Conservation Trust.

The keystone and secondary properties are listed below and shown in Map 4:

Keystones

SRWMD 5 year plan

Stratton & Straton Sr                18363-004-000

Campbell                                  18363-004-001

Hartman Plant Company           18363-005-000

 

Keystones

Lake Alto Swamp/Lake Alto

Blankenship                              18375-000-000

Cox & Moore                          18374-002-000

Padget                                      16994-000-000

                                                17487-000-000

Boree and Huber                      17486-000-000

                                                17502-000-000

Overton                                    18377-001-000

Fairweather and Parchment       18376-000-000

Crosley & Crosley Trustee       18376-001-000

                                                18377-000-000

LEAFS                                    18378-000-000

Winn                                        18418-000-000

Secondary

Cox & Moore                          18374-000-000

                                                18374-003-000

Crosley & Crosley Trustee       18378-003-000

Kennan                                    18374-001-000

Winchester Jr & Winchester     17504-000-000

 

Keystones

Lake Santa Fe to Lake Alto

Drainage Easement                   50000-000-000

Jones                                        18413-000-000

Stenner                                     18397-010-001

Murphey                                  18397-000-000

Wiesen                                     18393-012-000

Secondary

Ramsden                                  18405-001-001

 

Keystones

Lake Santa Fe to Austin Cary

Blueberry Hills              18540-000-000

Santa Fe Ventures                    18541-000-000

Goldstein & Lyons Co-Tr         18543-002-000

Johnson                                    18784-001-000

18688-000-000

                                                18787-000-000

                                                18796-002-000

                                                18795-000-000

Secondary

Missouri Local Govt                 18530-000-000

       Employees Retirement       18646-000-000

                                                18649-000-000

                                                18813-000-000

                                                18815-000-000

Nelson                                     18647-000-000

 

Keystone

Lake Santa Fe to Hickory Pond

Fisher, Fisher and Jones            18388-000-000

 

The Subdivided Parker Land Company parcels starting from the east and working west should also be considered keystone parcels.

            The project site falls within unincorporated Alachua County.  It is zoned Agriculture, and has a Future Land Use designation of Rural Agriculture.  Approximately 515 acres of the project site are within the City of Waldo’s urban reserve area.  Development in the LAK project is most dense near Waldo and Orange Heights, and moving away from the shoreline of Lake Santa Fe.  The area near Lake Santa Fe has a significant amount of high density single family residential development.  There is moderate to high pressure for single family residential development in the upland areas of the LAK project.

Other:

There are no archaeological sites within the LAK project area as listed on the Florida Master Site File by the Division of Historical Resources.  However, there are eight listed sites within one mile of the project site.

Literature Citations

Aucott, W. 1988. Water Resources Investigation Report 88-4057. USGS.

 

Cox, J., R. Kautz, M. MacLaughlin, and T. Gilbert. 1994.  Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat Conservation System, Office of Environmental Services, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Cox, J. and R. Kautz. 2000. Habitat Conservation Needs of Rare and Imperiled Wildlife in Florida. Office of Environmental Services, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory. June 2001. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Technical Report

 

Hoctor, T.S., J. Teisinger, M.G. Carr., P.C, Zwick. 2002. Identification of Critical Linkages Within the Florida Ecological Greenways Network. Final Report. Office of Greenways and Trails, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Tallahassee, FL.

 

Knight, G., A. Knight, and J. Oetting. 2000. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Summary Report to the Florida Forever Advisory council. Florida Natural Areas Inventory.

 

KBN, A Golder Associates Company. 1996. Alachua County Ecological Inventory Project. Prepared for Alachua County Department of Growth Management, Gainesville, Florida.

 

Macesich, M. 1988.  Geologic Interpretation of the Aquifer Pollution Potential in Alachua County, Florida, Open File Report – 21.  Florida Geologic Survey, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory. December 2001. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Version 1.1 Supplement to the technical Report June 2001. Tallahassee, Florida.